Economics (Optional)
अर्थशास्त्र (ऐच्छिक)
Cost and Income Curves, Product Pricing, Factors of Production Pricing, Banking and Financial Institutions, Public Finance, Development Economics, International Trade, Economic Planning, and Statistics in Economics.
Prescribed Chapters
Showing 10 LessonsCost and Income Curves
Cost and Income Curves
लागत र आय रेखाहरू
Fixed cost, variable cost, total cost, average cost, marginal cost curves, total revenue, average revenue, marginal revenue curves.
Product Pricing
Product Pricing
वस्तुको मूल्य निर्धारण
Market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition), equilibrium price determination through market demand and supply.
Principles of Pricing of Means of Production
Principles of Pricing of Means of Production
उत्पादनका साधनहरूको मूल्य निर्धारणका सिद्धान्तहरू
Rent (Ricardian theory), Wages (Modern theory), Interest (Liquidity preference theory), and Profit (Dynamic & Innovation theories).
Currency, Banking and Non-Banking Financial Institutions
Currency, Banking and Non-Banking Financial Institutions
मुद्रा, बैङ्किङ तथा गैर-बैङ्किङ वित्तीय संस्थाहरू
Functions of money, inflation and deflation, commercial banks, central bank, monetary policy of Nepal Rastra Bank, non-banking financial intermediaries.
Public Finance
Public Finance
सरकारी वित्त
Public revenue (tax and non-tax sources), public expenditure, public debt, government budget formulation and types (surplus, deficit, balanced).
Development Economics
Development Economics
विकास अर्थशास्त्र
Economic growth vs economic development, indicators of development (GDP, per capita income, HDI), obstacles to economic development in Nepal.
International Trade
International Trade
अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यापार
Internal vs international trade, comparative cost advantage theory, balance of trade vs balance of payments, Nepal foreign trade trends.
Economic Planning in Nepal
Economic Planning in Nepal
नेपालमा आर्थिक योजना
Meaning and objectives of economic planning, history of periodic plans in Nepal, current five-year plan objectives, strategies, and challenges.
Statistics in Economics
Statistics in Economics
अर्थशास्त्रमा तथ्याङ्कशास्त्र
Role of statistics in economic policy, primary vs secondary data collection methods, sampling techniques, tabulation and representation.
Statistical Tools
Statistical Tools
तथ्याङ्कीय उपकरणहरू
Arithmetic mean, median, mode, index numbers (simple aggregative index), consumer price index (CPI) and its calculation in Nepal.