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Physics
भौतिकशास्त्र (कक्षा १२)
Comprehensive study of Mechanics (Rotational Dynamics, SHM, Fluid Dynamics), Heat & Thermodynamics (1st & 2nd Laws, Carnot, Entropy), Waves & Optics (Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Doppler Effect), Electricity & Magnetism (Kirchhoff, Biot-Savart, Ampere, AC & LCR Resonance), and Modern Physics (Photoelectric Effect, Bohr Model, Radioactivity, Semiconductors).
Chemistry
रसायनशास्त्र (कक्षा १२)
Physical Chemistry (Volumetric Analysis, Ionic Equilibrium, Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry), Inorganic (Transition Elements, Coordination Chemistry, Heavy Metals), Organic Chemistry (Haloalkanes, Alcohols, Carbonyls, Amines, Grignard Reagents), and Applied Chemical Industry in Nepal.
Mathematics
गणित (कक्षा १२)
Algebra (Permutation/Combination, Binomial Theorem, Complex Numbers, Sequences, Linear Systems), Trigonometry (Properties of Triangles), Analytic Geometry (Conic Sections), Vectors (Dot & Cross Products), Statistics & Probability, Advanced Calculus (Integration Techniques, Differential Equations), and Computational Methods (Gauss Elimination, Simplex LPP) or Mechanics.
Biology
जीवविज्ञान (कक्षा १२)
Section A Botany: Plant Anatomy, Water Relations, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Hormones, Genetics, Embryology, and Biotechnology. Section B Zoology: Animal Tissues, Developmental Biology, Human Physiology & Health Systems, Diseases, and Applied Zoology.
Computer Science
कम्प्युटर विज्ञान (कक्षा १२)
Database Management Systems (DBMS & Normalization), Data Communication & Networking (OSI, TCP/IP, IP addressing), Web Technology II (JavaScript, PHP, MySQL), Advanced C Programming (Structures, Pointers, File Handling), OOP Concepts, Software Process Models (SDLC, Agile), and Contemporary Trends (AI, Cloud, IoT).
Environmental Science
वातावरण विज्ञान (कक्षा १२)
Advanced Ecological Dynamics, Water & Air Pollution Control Technologies, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Remote Sensing & GIS, Climate Change Mitigation, and Sustainable Resource Management in Nepal.
Featured Chapter Notes & Solved Questions
Periodic Motion & Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): Complete Analytical Theory & Derivations
Master the differential equation of simple harmonic motion (SHM), kinematics (displacement, velocity, acceleration), mechanical energy conservation, time period of simple pendulum and mass-spring systems, and resonance.
A particle of mass $0.2\text{ kg}$ executes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of $0.05\text{ m}$ and a time period of $0.4\text{ s}$. Calculate: (i) the maximum kinetic energy of the particle, and (ii) its kinetic and potential energies when it is at a displacement of $0.03\text{ m}$ from the equilibrium mean position.
Mechanics: Periodic Motion (NEB Model 2079 / 2080)
A quantity of an ideal diatomic gas ($\gamma = 1.40$) at an initial temperature of $27^\circ\text{C}$ and pressure $1.0 \times 10^5\text{ Pa}$ is compressed adiabatically to one-fourth of its original volume. Find: (i) the final pressure of the compressed gas, and (ii) the final temperature of the gas in $^\circ\text{C}$.
Heat & Thermodynamics: Adiabatic Compression
State the conditions for sustained interference of light. In Young’s double-slit experiment, derive an expression for the fringe width $\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}$. Prove that bright and dark fringes are of equal width.
Wave Optics: Interference of Light (NEB Group B Derivation)
Assignment Solutions
Multi-part problems with working steps & downloadable PDF
Assignment Set 2: Periodic Motion, Oscillations & Thermodynamic Engines
Attempt all four multi-part questions showing full algebraic derivations, intermediate mathematical steps, indicator diagrams, and final numerical values with proper SI units.
Assignment Set 1: Advanced Integration Techniques, Differential Equations & Computational Methods
Solve all four comprehensive problems showing complete mathematical steps, standard substitution forms, integrating factors, and simplex tableaus.
Important Exam Questions
High-priority revision with defensible syllabus basis
Describe the four operations of a Carnot cycle with the help of an indicator P-V diagram. Derive an expression for the efficiency of a reversible Carnot engine in terms of the absolute temperatures of the source and the sink.
Basis: Specification Grid Section 2 (Heat and Thermodynamics): Derivation of Carnot engine efficiency η = 1 - T₂/T₁ with P-V cycle diagram appears in over 85% of board question pools.
Evaluate the standard integral using the method of partial fractions: $$\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - a^2} \quad (|x| > a)$$ Hence, evaluate $\int \frac{dx}{x^2 - 6x + 5}$.
Basis: Specification Grid Section 5 (Calculus): Derivation of standard integrals via partial fractions is a core competency required in NEB Grade 12 board examinations.
What is an acidic buffer solution? Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for calculating the pH of an acidic buffer mixture consisting of a weak acid (HA) and its salt with a strong base (NaA).
Basis: Specification Grid Section 1 (Physical Chemistry): Buffer solutions and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation are compulsory numerical and derivation items in NEB Group B.
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