Compulsory English
अनिवार्य अंग्रेजी (कक्षा १२)
Language Development (20 units: Critical Thinking, Family, Sports, Ecology and Environment, Humour) and Literature (20 units: Short Stories, Poems, Essays, One-Act Plays), Academic Writing, and Applied Communication.
Curriculum Structure & Lessons
Showing 40 of 40 ChaptersSection I: Language Development
CDC Prescribed Language Development: 20 Integrated Thematic Units
Unit 1: Critical Thinking
Unit 1: Critical Thinking — Lesson 1: Know Thyself
एकाइ १: समालोचनात्मक सोच — पाठ १: आफूलाई चिन (Know Thyself)
Critical analysis of argumentative texts, distinguishing facts from opinions, evaluating logical reasoning, and detecting fallacies.
Unit 2: Family
Unit 2: Family
एकाइ २: परिवार
Sociological and narrative perspectives on changing family dynamics, domestic responsibilities, and kinship bonds across generations.
Unit 3: Sports
Unit 3: Sports — Lesson 1: Euro 2020
एकाइ ३: खेलकुद — पाठ १: युरो २०२०
Sports journalism analyzing the historic UEFA Euro 2020 Final between Italy and England at Wembley Stadium, penalty shoot-out psychology, and sporting legacies.
Unit 4: Technology
Unit 4: Technology — Lesson 1: Hyperloop
एकाइ ४: प्रविधि — पाठ १: हाइपरलुप
An authoritative scientific exposition on ultra-high-speed vactrain transportation, pneumatic magnetic levitation pods, environmental impact, and engineering challenges.
Unit 5: Education
Unit 5: Education — Lesson 1: A Story of My Childhood
एकाइ ५: शिक्षा — पाठ १: मेरो बाल्यकालको कथा (एपिजे अब्दुल कलाम)
An inspiring autobiographical excerpt from Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s "Wings of Fire", depicting his early schooling in Rameswaram, dedicated mentors, and courage against communal discrimination.
Unit 6: Money and Economy
Unit 6: Money and Economy — Lesson 1: QR Code
एकाइ ६: पैसा र अर्थतन्त्र — पाठ १: क्यूआर कोड
An informative financial technology text exploring the history, mechanisms, security protocols, and socio-economic adoption of Quick Response (QR) code payments in emerging and global markets.
Unit 7: Humour
Unit 7: Humour — Lesson 1: Why do We Laugh Inappropriately?
एकाइ ७: हास्यव्यङ्ग्य — पाठ १: हामी किन असान्दर्भिक रूपमा हाँस्छौँ?
Cognitive neuroscientist Sophie Scott’s fascinating research on laughter as a primal social bonding mechanism, emotional contagion, and neural communication beyond pure comedy.
Unit 8: Human Culture
Unit 8: Human Culture — Lesson 1: Land of Plenty
एकाइ ८: मानव संस्कृति — पाठ १: प्रचुरताको भूमि
A cross-cultural anthropologic reflection comparing Japanese consumer affluence and "sodaigomi" nocturnal disposal rituals with Malaysian thrift and global resource conservation.
Unit 9: Ecology and Environment
Unit 9: Ecology and Environment — Lesson 1: Living in a Redwood Tree
एकाइ ९: पारिस्थितिकी र वातावरण — पाठ १: रेडउड रुखमा जीवन
The dramatic real-life environmental sit-in of Julia Butterfly Hill, who lived 738 days atop a 1,000-year-old California redwood named Luna to protect ancient forests from clear-cut logging.
Unit 10: Career Opportunities
Unit 10: Career Opportunities — Lesson 1: Presenting Yourself
एकाइ १०: करियरका अवसरहरू — पाठ १: आफूलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दै (बायोडाटा र आवेदन)
Essential professional development guide on drafting a curriculum vitae (CV), tailoring staying vs. leaving CVs, career credentials, job applications, and conditional grammar structures.
Unit 11: Hobbies
Unit 11: Hobbies — Lesson 1: On Walking
एकाइ ११: रुचिका विषयहरू — पाठ १: हिँड्नुको आनन्द
An evocative reflective essay celebrating pedestrianism as a conduit for self-discovery, mindfulness, spatial intimacy, psychological grounding, and cross-continental adaptation.
Unit 12: Animal World
Unit 12: Animal World — Lesson 1: The Medusa and the Snail
एकाइ १२: प्राणी जगत — पाठ १: मेडुसा र शङ्खेकिरा (लुइस थोमस)
Dr. Lewis Thomas’s renowned philosophical essay on the symbiotic entanglement between the sea snail nudibranch and the jellyfish medusa, deconstructing human notions of absolute biological individuality.
Unit 13: History
Unit 13: History — Lesson 1: After the World Trade Centre
एकाइ १३: इतिहास — पाठ १: वर्ल्ड ट्रेड सेन्टरको घटनापछि
A poignant historical narrative chronicling structural engineers Frank and Nicole De Martini during the September 11 terrorist attacks, courage during disaster evacuation, and personal resilience.
Unit 14: Human Rights
Unit 14: Human Rights — Lesson 1: “I am Sorry”- The Hardest Three Words to Say
एकाइ १४: मानव अधिकार — पाठ १: म माफी माग्छु—भन्नलाई सबैभन्दा कठिन तीन शब्द
A transformative personal memoir on childhood trauma under South African apartheid, the generational struggle for reconciliation, and the radical, healing potency of forgiveness.
Unit 15: Leisure and Entertainment
Unit 15: Leisure and Entertainment — Lesson 1: A Journey Back in Time!
एकाइ १५: फुर्सद र मनोरञ्जन — पाठ १: समयको यात्रा (बन्दिपुर भ्रमण)
A travel narrative exploring Bandipur as a living museum of Newar culture, 18th-century architecture, Himalayan panoramas, sustainable eco-tourism, and miscellaneous grammatical agreements.
Unit 16: Fantasy
Unit 16: Fantasy — Lesson 1: The Romance of a Busy Broker
एकाइ १६: कल्पना र कथा — पाठ १: व्यस्त दलालको प्रेम सम्बन्ध (ओ. हेनरी)
O. Henry’s classic short story satirizing hyper-commercial Wall Street freneticism, absent-mindedness, emotional alienation, and grammatical mastery of defining/non-defining relative clauses.
Unit 17: War and Peace
Unit 17: War and Peace — Lesson 1: Train to Pakistan
एकाइ १७: युद्ध र शान्ति — पाठ १: पाकिस्तान जाने रेल (खुशवन्त सिंह)
An excerpt from Khushwant Singh’s historical novel depicting the trauma of the 1947 Partition of India, communal tensions, moral complexities, borrowed Hindi loanwords, and past narrative tenses.
Unit 18: Music and Creation
Unit 18: Music and Creation — Lesson 1: A Life of Sound and Silence
एकाइ १८: सङ्गीत र सिर्जना — पाठ १: ध्वनि र सन्नाटाको जीवन (बिथोभेन)
A biographical study of Ludwig van Beethoven’s triumph over progressive deafness, the creation of Symphony No. 9, musical genre taxonomy, prepositions of time, and prepositional collocations.
Unit 19: Migration and Diaspora
Unit 19: Migration and Diaspora — Lesson 1: Dediasporization: Homeland and Hostland
एकाइ १९: बसाइँसराइ र डायस्पोरा — पाठ १: गैर-डायस्पोरीकरण: मातृभूमि र कर्मभूमि
A sociological examination of migration cycles, backward motion, generational assimilation in host countries, Non-Resident Nepali (NRN) dual citizenship debates, and habitual past structures.
Unit 20: Power and Politics
Unit 20: Power and Politics — Lesson 1: An Open Letter to Mary Daly
एकाइ २०: शक्ति र राजनीति — पाठ १: मेरी डेलीलाई खुला पत्र (अड्रे लर्ड)
Audre Lorde’s seminal intersectional feminist critique of racial exclusion in feminist theory, challenging white supremacy, questioning cultural dogma, and adjective order syntax.
Section II: Literature
CDC Prescribed Literature Anthology: 4 Genres, 20 Original Works
Short Stories
Short Story 1: Neighbours — Tim Winton
कथा १: छिमेकीहरू — टिम विन्टन
Tim Winton’s celebrated Australian short story exploring cultural prejudice, European immigrant solidarity, cross-cultural empathy, and the unifying emotional triumph of childbirth.
Short Story 2: A Respectable Woman — Kate Chopin
कथा २: एक सम्मानित महिला — केट चोपिन
Kate Chopin’s psychological realist masterpiece examining Victorian societal decorum, female emotional autonomy, and the unspoken romantic conflict experienced by Mrs. Baroda during Gouvernail’s visit.
Short Story 3: A Devoted Son — Anita Desai
कथा ३: एक समर्पित छोरो — अनिता देसाई
Anita Desai’s poignant exploration of shifting generational dynamics, filial piety, and professional clinical detachment in Indian family life, detailing Dr. Rakesh’s rigid medical regimentation of his aging father Varma.
Short Story 4: The Treasure in the Forest — H.G. Wells
कथा ४: जङ्गलको खजाना — एच.जी. वेल्स
H.G. Wells’s suspenseful moral tale of colonial greed, betrayal, and fatal irony, tracing the ill-fated journey of two British fortune hunters, Evans and Hooker, pursuing stolen Spanish gold on an uninhabited tropical island.
Short Story 5: My Old Home — Lu Xun
कथा ५: मेरो पुरानो घर — लु सुन
Lu Xun’s seminal modernist Chinese short story reflecting on nostalgia, feudal class estrangement, rural impoverishment, and the philosophical search for hope through the narrator’s reunion with his childhood companion Runtu.
Short Story 6: The Half-closed Eyes of the Buddha and Slowly Sinking Sun — Shankar Lamichhane
कथा ६: बुद्धका अर्धनिमीलित आँखा र डूबिरहेको घाम — शङ्कर लामिछाने
Shankar Lamichhane’s modernist stream-of-consciousness narrative contrasting a Western tourist’s romanticized aesthetic appreciation of Kathmandu Valley’s art and architecture with a local guide’s visceral revelation of human suffering in a paralyzed child’s eyes.
Short Story 7: A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings — Gabriel García Márquez
कथा ७: विशाल पखेटा भएको धेरै बूढो मान्छे — ग्याब्रियल गार्सिया मार्खेज
Gabriel García Márquez’s canonical magical realist fable satirizing human intolerance, religious institutional hypocrisy, and commercial exploitation following the arrival of a decrepit, winged supernatural figure in a coastal village.
Poems
Poem 1: A Day — Emily Dickinson
कविता १: एक दिन — एमिली डिकिन्सन
Emily Dickinson’s lyrical nature poem contrasting the vibrant certainty of sunrise with the mystical, unknowable quietude of sunset through the innocent eyes of a child, serving as a metaphor for the human journey of life and mortality.
Poem 2: Every Morning I Wake — Dylan Thomas
कविता २: हरेक बिहान म ब्युँझन्छु — डिलन थोमस
Dylan Thomas’s tender devotional prayer from "Under Milk Wood" exploring human vulnerability, cyclical time, pastoral innocence, and unconditional divine compassion for flawed mortals.
Poem 3: I Was My Own Route — Julia de Burgos
कविता ३: म आफ्नै बाटो थिएँ — जुलिया डे बुर्गोस
Puerto Rican feminist poet Julia de Burgos’s defiant manifesto of female liberation, rejecting patriarchal gender mandates, breaking free from traditional societal bounds, and claiming radical autonomy.
Poem 4: The Awakening Age — Ben Okri
कविता ४: जागरणको युग — बेन ओक्री
Nigerian poet and novelist Ben Okri’s visionary utopian sonnet celebrating human solidarity, transnational unity, resilience against poverty, and universal awakening into an era of enlightenment.
Poem 5: Soft Storm — Abhi Subedi
कविता ५: कोमल आँधी — अभि सुवेदी
Nepali scholar and poet Dr. Abhi Subedi’s postmodern verse dramatizing empathy in the face of urban dehumanization, socio-political turmoil, poverty, and historical trauma in contemporary Kathmandu.
Essays
Essay 1: On Libraries
निबन्ध १: पुस्तकालयहरूमा
Renowned neurologist and author Oliver Sacks’s nostalgic autobiographical essay honoring the transformative sanctuary of physical libraries, self-directed scientific exploration, and mourning the digital purge of physical books.
Essay 2: Marriage as a Social Institution
निबन्ध २: सामाजिक संस्थाको रूपमा विवाह
Sociologist Stephen L. Nock’s analytical examination of marriage as a culturally integrated institution that restrains individual self-interest, generates social capital, and structures normative community life.
Essay 3: Knowledge and Wisdom
निबन्ध ३: ज्ञान र विवेक
Bertrand Russell’s philosophical essay distinguishing mere accumulation of scientific knowledge from moral wisdom, comprehensive vision, and emancipation from narrow prejudice.
Essay 4: Humility
निबन्ध ४: विनम्रता
Yuval Noah Harari’s provocative historical critique deconstructing cultural chauvinism, religious egotism, and demonstrating the necessity of civilizational humility.
Essay 5: Human Rights and the Age of Inequality
निबन्ध ५: मानव अधिकार र असमानताको युग
Samuel Moyn’s critical historical essay examining how the human rights movement struggled to address widening global economic inequality under neoliberal market regimes.
One Act Plays
One Act Play 1: A Matter of Husbands
एकाङ्की नाटक १: पतिहरूको कुरा
Ferenc Molnár’s witty drawing-room comedy demonstrating theatrical manipulation as a clever actress deceives a suspicious young wife to preserve her own affair.
One Act Play 2: Facing Death
एकाङ्की नाटक २: मृत्युको सामना
August Strindberg’s intense naturalistic domestic drama where a bankrupt father sacrifices his life in a house fire to secure fire insurance for his ungrateful daughters.
One Act Play 3: The Bull
एकाङ्की नाटक ३: साँढे
Bhimnidhi Tiwari’s historical satire exposing feudal Rana cruelty and the terrifying subjugation of commoners after King Rana Bahadur Shah’s sacred bull falls ill.