Business Studies II
व्यावसायिक अध्ययन २ (कक्षा १२)
Nature of Management, Management Principles (Taylor's Scientific Management, Fayol's 14 Principles, Weber's Bureaucracy), Planning & SWOT Analysis, Organizing (Structures & Decentralization), Decision Making under Certainty, Risk, and Uncertainty, Direction and Leadership Styles, Controlling Processes, Motivation Theories (Maslow & Herzberg), Communication & Contemporary Management (Supply Chain, TQM, Conflict), Business Letters, and Comprehensive Business Plan Formulation.
Prescribed Chapters
Showing 11 LessonsNature of Management & Managerial Roles
Nature of Management & Managerial Roles
व्यवस्थापनको प्रकृति र प्रबन्धकीय भूमिकाहरू
Concept, characteristics, and significance of management, management as science, art, or profession, levels of management (Top, Middle, Lower), and Mintzberg's managerial roles.
Principles & Evolution of Management Thought
Principles & Evolution of Management Thought
व्यवस्थापकीय सिद्धान्त तथा विचारधाराको विकास
Classical management theory (F.W. Taylor's Scientific Management, Henri Fayol's 14 Administrative Principles, Max Weber's Bureaucracy), Human Relations Movement (Hawthorne Studies), and Modern Contingency Theory.
Planning & Strategic SWOT Analysis
Planning & Strategic SWOT Analysis
योजना तथा रणनीतिक SWOT विश्लेषण
Concept, process, importance, and types of plans (Strategic, Tactical, Operational; Standing vs Single-use plans), and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis.
Organizing: Departmentalization & Organizational Structures
Organizing: Departmentalization & Organizational Structures
संगठन: विभागीकरण र सांगठनिक संरचनाहरू
Concept and principles of organizing, departmentalization bases, organizational structures (Line, Functional, Line-and-Staff, Matrix), Delegation of Authority vs Decentralization, and Span of Control.
Decision Making under Certainty, Risk & Uncertainty
Decision Making under Certainty, Risk & Uncertainty
निर्णय प्रक्रिया: निश्चितता, जोखिम र अनिश्चितता
Concept, significance, types of decisions (Programmed vs Non-programmed), decision-making process, and conditions under certainty, risk, and uncertainty.
Direction & Leadership Styles
Direction & Leadership Styles
निर्देशन तथा नेतृत्व शैलीहरू
Concept and elements of direction, meaning of leadership, difference between a manager and a leader, leadership styles (Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-faire), and qualities of a successful leader.
Controlling: Techniques & Essentials of Effective Control
Controlling: Techniques & Essentials of Effective Control
नियन्त्रण: प्रविधिहरू र प्रभावकारी नियन्त्रणका तत्वहरू
Concept, importance, and relationship between planning and controlling, controlling process, types of control (Feedforward/Pre-control, Concurrent, Feedback/Post-control), and traditional/modern control techniques.
Motivation & Supervision: Maslow, Herzberg & Incentives
Motivation & Supervision: Maslow, Herzberg & Incentives
अभिप्रेरणा र सुपरिवेक्षण: मास्लो, हर्जवर्ग र प्रोत्साहन
Concept and significance of motivation, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Herzberg's Two-Factor (Motivator-Hygiene) Theory, financial and non-financial incentives, and role of supervisors.
Communication & Contemporary Issues in Management
Communication & Contemporary Issues in Management
सञ्चार तथा व्यवस्थापनका समसामयिक मुद्दाहरू
Communication process, formal and informal networks (Grapevine), communication barriers and remedies, Total Quality Management (TQM), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Conflict management, and Family business challenges in Nepal.
Business Letter Drafting & Professional Writing
Business Letter Drafting & Professional Writing
व्यावसायिक पत्र लेखन तथा पेशागत मस्यौदा
Essential elements of a good business letter, structure and layout, inquiry letters, quotation letters, order letters, complaint and adjustment letters, and job application letter with curriculum vitae (CV).
Business Plan Formulation & Entrepreneurship
Business Plan Formulation & Entrepreneurship
व्यावसायिक योजना तर्जुमा र उद्यमशीलता
Concept and significance of a Business Plan, comprehensive components (Executive summary, Company description, Market analysis, Organization & Management, Service/Product line, Marketing & Sales, Financial projections), and drafting a sample business plan.