Unit 12 • Class 11Chemistry (Grade 11) (Chem.201)
Hydrocarbons (Aliphatic)
हाइड्रोकार्बनहरू (अल्केन, अल्किन, अल्काइन)
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes preparation, chemical reactions, Markovnikov rule, peroxide effect (anti-Markovnikov), ozonolysis of alkenes, acidity of alkynes.
Lesson Summary & Key Concepts
Detailed mechanisms of electrophilic additions to alkenes, Markovnikov addition, Kharasch peroxide effect (anti-Markovnikov), and ozonolysis for locating double bonds.
Quick Revision Takeaways
Common Exam Pitfalls to Avoid
⚠️ Common Error: Applying peroxide effect to HCl or HI.
✓ Correct Approach: HCl and HI always follow Markovnikov rule even in the presence of peroxides.
Why: H-Cl bond is too strong (103 kcal/mol) and I-I coupling is energetically favored over radical addition.
Content Provenance & Verification
Editorial Verified & Published
Original Author / ContributorNEB Chemistry Subject Specialist
Verified BySenior Subject Specialist (TU / NEB Panel)
Curriculum Versionv1.0 (CDC 2078/2080 Grid)
Last Verified Date2026-10-23
Legitimate Official Curriculum References
public curriculum
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