Unit 5 • Class 12Physics (Phy.102)
Second Law of Thermodynamics & Heat Engines
ऊष्मागतिकीको दोस्रो नियम तथा ताप इन्जिन
Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot cycle and efficiency η = 1 - T₂/T₁, Otto and Diesel internal combustion cycles, refrigerators and COP, entropy.
High-Yield Exam Focus Questions (1)
High-probability exam questions curated specifically for Second Law of Thermodynamics & Heat Engines.
NEB PriorityRepeated in NEB 2074, 2076, 2078, 2080 (High Priority 5-Mark Question)5 Marks
Exam Rationale: Specification Grid Section 2 (Heat and Thermodynamics): Derivation of Carnot engine efficiency η = 1 - T₂/T₁ with P-V cycle diagram appears in over 85% of board question pools.